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Revision history (I) Introduction HTTPS Internet traffic uses the SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol and is encrypted to give data privacy and integrity. However, HTTPS traffic has a possible security risk and can hide illegal user activity and malicious traffic. With HTTPS Inspection, the Security Gateway can inspect the traffic that is encrypted by HTTPS.
The Security Gateway uses certificates and becomes an intermediary between the client computer and the secure web site. All data is kept private in HTTPS Inspection logs. Only administrators with HTTPS Inspection permissions can see all the fields in a log. HTTPS ratio of internet traffic is constantly growing. However, malicious attacks, dangerous web activity and data loss can hide away from the inspection of the Security Gateway under the SSL layer. Therefore it is recommended to enable HTTPS Inspection to improve security.
By enabling HTTPS Inspection, the Security Gateway will inspect the encrypted parts of the HTTPS traffic. The HTTPS Inspection Rule Base is a set of rules used to define which HTTPS traffic will be inspected by the Security Gateway. The inspection will be performed by all the Software Blades that support HTTPS Inspection:. Application Control. URL Filtering. IPS.
Data Loss Prevention (DLP). Anti-Virus.
Anti-Bot. Threat Emulation. Content Awareness (I-1) Introduction: HTTPS Inspection - Inbound vs. Outbound. Inbound HTTPS Inspection protects internal servers (for example, data centers and web servers) from malicious attacks coming from the Internet. Inbound connections are HTTPS connections that start from an external client and connect to an internal server in the DMZ or the network. The Security Gateway compares the HTTPS request to the HTTPS Inspection Rule Base.
If the request does not match a rule, the packet is not decrypted. If the request matches an inspection rule, the Security Gateway uses the certificate for the internal server to create a HTTPS connection with the external client. The Security Gateway creates a new HTTPS connection with the internal server. Since the Security Gateway has a secure connection with the external client, it can decrypt the HTTPS traffic. The decrypted traffic is inspected according to the policy.
Flow on Security Gateway:. Intercept the request. Use the server's original certificate and private key to initiate an SSL connection with the client. Create and establishes a new SSL connection with the web server. Using the two SSL connections:.
Decrypt the encrypted data from the client. Inspect the clear text content for all blades set in the policy. Encrypt the data again to keep client privacy as the data travels to the destination server behind the Security Gateway. Outbound HTTPS Inspection protects internal users and perimeter servers from malicious attacks coming from the Internet on connections originated from inside the organization. Outbound connections are HTTPS connections that start from an internal client and connect to the Internet.
The Security Gateway compares the HTTPS request to the HTTPS Inspection Rule Base. If the request does not match a rule, the packet is not decrypted.
If the request matches an inspection rule, the Security Gateway makes sure that the certificate from the server (in the Internet) is valid. The Security Gateway creates a new certificate, and presents it to the client, when the client creates an HTTPS connection to the gateway. There are two HTTPS connections, one to the internal client and one to the server. It can then decrypt and inspect the packets according to the Security Gateway and other Rule Bases. The packets are encrypted again and sent to the destination. Flow on Security Gateway:. Intercept the request.
Establish a secure connection to the requested web site and validate the site server's certificate. Note: The certificate is validated only in case of inspection. In case of bypass, such validation is not performed (cached values from previous validation are used instead). Create a new SSL certificate for the communication between the Security Gateway and the client, send the client the new certificate and continue the SSL negotiation with it.
Using the two SSL connections:. Decrypt the encrypted data from the client. Inspect the clear text content for all blades set in the Policy. Inspect the traffic coming from the web site into the organization. Encrypt the data again to keep client privacy as the data travels to the destination web server resource. Note: There are bypass mechanisms, which were not added to the flowchart to keep it simple. (I-2) Introduction: Gradual Deployment When first enabling HTTPS Inspection, it is recommended to use a gradual approach.
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Starting with few Security Gateways and networks, and expanding from there to cover all Security Gateways and networks. Do this by configuring the HTTPS Inspection rulebase to inspect a single subnet or few subnets. HTTPS Inspection can be enabled on a single Security Gateway at first, and then expanded to additional Security Gateways. (I-3) Introduction: Initial configuration Refer to Application Control and URL Filtering Administration Guide (, ) - Chapter 'Managing Application Control and URL Filtering' - 'HTTPS Inspection'.
(II) Best Practices (II-1) Best Practices: Configuring certificates. Using the entire certificate chain for configuring inspection of incoming traffic When importing an internal server's certificate for incoming traffic inspection, it is necessary to include all the intermediate CAs of the chain in the.p12 file. Inclusion of only the server certificate may cause some browsers to warn about untrusted sites, since some browsers are unable to fetch and validate the complete certificate chain. CA creation/import - Using a CA certificate for HTTPS Inspection of outgoing traffic When importing an external certificate in SmartDashboard on the blade's tab - ' Advanced' - ' HTTPS Inspection' - ' Gateways' - ' Import Certificate from file.' , it is imperative to use a CA certificate, so that this certificate can be used to sign certificates generated by Security Gateway for outgoing traffic inspection. Importing a non-CA certificate will result in client browsers refusing the connection.
Notes:. The administrator may generate a CA certificate from the Security Gateway properties - 'HTTPS Inspection'.
That CA certificate will be used to sign the certificates generated by Security Gateway.